2.21 最简语法【独立主格】进阶版（3）来做专四经典习题试试
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独立主格
进阶版 || 第三讲
”14点直播
（课堂精华尽在音频）
独立主格概念
独立主格是什么？
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本标配
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
3. 名词(代词)+不定式
4. 名词(代词)+形容词
5. 名词(代词)+副词
6. 名词(代词)+名词
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语
四、独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。
1. 作时间状语
My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，
treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting．
我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，
小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。
The governor pondering the matter，
more strikers gathered across his path．
总督思考问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。
2. 作条件状语
Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow．
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．
如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
3. 作原因状语
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。
4. 作伴随状语或补充说明
I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the platform，with my cheeses，the people falling back respectfully on either side．
我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，
雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。
人们似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
五. 独立主格与状语从句的转换:
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，
可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
1) Class being over (/ Class over),
the students soon left the classroom.
下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
=After class was over,
the students soon left the classroom.
2) There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
工作都谈完了，我宣布会议结束。
= Since there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
3) It being Christmas,
the government offices were closed.
现在是圣诞节，政府机关关门了。
= Because it was Christmas,
the government offices were closed.
六、 独立主格结构的特殊用法
有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,
实际上已经变成了习惯用法。这些短语有:
Generally speaking 总的说来,
Frankly speaking 坦率地说,
Judging from 从……判断,
Supposing 假设,等等。
例句
① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
总的说来,这条规则很容易懂。
② Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。
有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式,
表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。
这些短语有:
to be honest老实说,
to be sure 确实,to tell you the truth 说实话,
to cut a long story short 长话短说,
to be frank 坦率地说,
to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是
例句
To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.
说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误。
经典习题来了！
（选自英语专业四级考试）
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选择正确答案填空
1. Agriculture is the country‘s chief source of wealth, wheat __D____ by far the biggest cereal crop. 译文：农业是国家主要的财富来源，小麦则是最重要的禾谷类作物。
a. is b. been c. be d. being
2. Time __B____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.
译文：如果时间允许，庆典将按原计划执行。
a. permit b. permitting c. permitted d. permits
3. There __C__ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
译文：由于没什么再讨论的，会议提前半小时结束。
a. to be b. to have been c. being d. be
4. __D___ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.
译文：由于没听到警告，老人回到了寝室。
a. There was b. Since c. Being d. There being
5. The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ___C___the most important of these.
译文：煤炭、汽车和棉花制品是国家主要出口品，其中汽车是最重要的出口品。
a. have been b. are c. being d. are being
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听友Richard绘制本节思维导图
这画风....好像看到了假导图....有才
上周作业答案公布
造句一：老师走进教室，胳膊下面夹了一本书。
正确答案：The teacher walked into the classroom, with a book under his arm.
流沙1. The teacher walked in the classroom, with a book under his arm.
4ever1. A book in her arm, the teacher entered the classroom.
丑小鸭 1. Teacher coming the class, a book in armpit.
Leslie1. The teacher is coming to classroom with a book under his arm.
飞越迷雾1. The teacher came in the classroom with a book under his arm.
Lily 1. Teacher came to the class, with a book in arm.
造句二：老师坐在椅子上， 周围一群学生围着他。
正确答案：The teacher is siting in the chair, with a group of students around him.
Angelia 2. The teacher sat on a chair, with a group of students surrounding.
丫丫 2. The teacher sit in the chair, with a bunch of students around him.
庞萌 2. The teacher sat in a chair, with a bunch of students around.
造句三：工作完成了，他回家了。
正确答案：With this work done, he went back home.
wen wen3. Have finished the job, he calls the day.
0668陈娜 3. Work done, he went home.
造句四：由那个男孩带路， 我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
正确答案：With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
奚茜4. With the boy leading the road, we had found easily the strange cave.
Jiao4. With the boy leading, we could easily seek out the strange cave.
漫天飞雪4. The boy leading the way, we found the strange hole easily.
Ishara4. With that boy showing the way, we got to find that weird hole easily.
carrie4. With the boy leading the way, we found the strange cave easily.
CoCo4. With the boy’s lead, we found the strange hole easily.
Apple4. With the boy showed the way, we were easy to find the strange hole.
阿小蛙4. The boy leading the way, we found the strange cave.
Judy4. We found the strange hole easily, with the guidance of the boy.
one more thing 4. With the boy leading the way, we are so easy that we find out the weird hole.
Jacky Wu4. With the boy leading the way, we found the strange hole easily.
Leslie4. We found the strange hole easily with the boy’s leading.
journeyZM 4. With the boy leading, we have easy got finding the strange hole.
看来大家都掌握得不错，独立主格小专题到此结束. Cheers!
力 彑
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表
课
周一 | 看书有道，阅读美文
周二 | 最简英语语法
周三 | 地道美语口语经典
周四 | 【老友记】900句
周五 | 老外采访，精短听力，演讲新知
2017
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